In most countries, influenza activity increased sharply by late january. Carrat f, vergu e, ferguson nm, lemaitre m, cauchemez s, leach s, et al. Influenza a virus one of three types of virus that cause the illness called influenza flu. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the uk. Influenza viruses circulated at high levels between weeks 522018 and 122019. Facts about influenza the flu, how flu can prevented, how influenza spreads, flu symptoms, home flu treatment, when to see a health care provider, and the difference between flu and cold. This type of influenza mutates at a rate 23 times lower than type a. Information for health professionals and citizens, including state health statistics, prevention and health promotion, and health care and healthrelated professions. Two ecdc influenza experts were involved in moderating.
Infection in adults is uncommon, and presents with influenza like illness or laryngotracheobronchitis. Virus culture was the most common method of testing at the phl for noninfluenza respiratory viruses. Creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike license. Structure of influenza virion influenza virions fig. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory infections in. Earthing might have a natural antiinflammatory effect for human body. Inhaled nitric oxide therapy fails to improve outcome in. Winter 2018 to 2019 7 the 2018 to 2019 season also saw the rollout of a newly licensed adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine ativ for all those aged 65 years and over. Noninfluenza respiratory virus testing at phls figure 2 depicts the responses of phls when asked which viruses does your laboratory test for. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the. Both methods had similar findings, which suggested that on average, about 8% of the u. Influenza has a shorter median incubation period the time from infection to appearance of symptoms and a shorter serial interval the time between successive cases than covid19 virus. During the early phases of an influenza pandemic, people might not have any natural immunity to the new strain.
In the course of the 20152016 influenza season, over 9 000 influenza detections across the region have been reported. The aafp recommends that physicians offer influenza vaccination as soon as it becomes available each year and continue to provide the vaccine throughout the flu season i. Make sure personnel staff documents the vaccines they administered at the time they. General flu information, information for health care providers, and where to get a flu shot. Genetically and antigenically diverse influenza ah3n2 and bvictoria. The pandemic may not necessarily be caused by avian influenza virus, as seen. Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for. When you dial 811 or 711 for the deaf and hard of hearing, you can request health information services in languages other than english. People can spread influenza beginning from one day before symptoms appear until five to seven days after. Pandemic influenza preparedness, response, and recovery guide for critical infrastr ucture and key resources for more information including a pdf copy of the cikr guide, please visit. Besides these, there are two other genera such as isavirus which infects fish and thogovirus that infect humans using ticks as vector. Wekelijks influenza bulletin bulletin hebdomadaire influenza weekly influenza bulletin semaineweek 44 30102017 05112017 wekelijks bulletin week 442017.
Countries in north america reported high influenza activity from december, with influenza a and b viruses cocirculating in canada and the united states of america. Article pdf available in disaster medicine and public health preparedness 74. Canine influenza is caused by infection with a specific type of influenza virus. Both influenza a subtypes, ah1n1pdm09 and ah3n2, cocirculated and different distributions of a subtypes were observed among countries. Apr 24, 20 within this family there are three genres that are responsible for the flu. The best way to prevent flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year. Influenza aftercare instructions what you need to know. The emergence of the influenza a h1n1 pandemic in april 2009 provided the first major stress test since the regulations came into force in 2007.
Influenza in birds is often referred to as avian influenza, in pigs as swine influenza, in horses as equine influenza and so on. Influenza type a viruses have prevailed over type b with ah1n1pdm09 viruses, greatly outnumbering ah3n2 and bvictorialineage detections representing twothirds of the type b viruses assigned to a lineage. The burden of seasonal influenza in the netherlands. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an extremely contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza a or b viruses. Seasonal influenza vaccination of children and pregnant women.
Human influenza viruses belong to the orthomyxoviridae family, which consists of the genera influenza a, b, and c virus, thogotovirus carried by ticks, and infecting humans, and isavirus infecting fish, as well as of a few other, newly described arboviruses. Programme manager, influenza and other respiratory. Wekelijks influenza bulletin bulletin hebdomadaire influenza weekly influenza bulletin semaineweek 16 17042017 23042017 wekelijks bulletin week 162017. Preparedness plan for influenza pandemic the government of the hong kong special administrative region 2014 a. Infection occurs at all ages, but during epidemics the morbidity is. They are more closely related to each other than to influenza virus a iva or influenza virus b ivb, containing seven genomic segments and a hemagglutininesterase he. After dialing 811, you will be connected with an english speaking health service navigator. The threats have also grown an increasing number of novel influenza viruses have demonstrated the ability to occasionally infect humans. Alkaline diets or drinks might have antiviral properties as in vitro studies demonstrated inactivation effect of alkaline medium on respiratory virus. A single hid human infectious dose of influenza virus might be between 100 and 1,000 particles. Influenza a virus is a highly mutable virus with frequent antigenic drift and occasional antigenic shift.
Download free medical influenza the flu powerpoint presentation. Influenza a virus national library of medicine pubmed health. Demonstrates regions in iowa w here influenza virus is circulating. For these drugs to work best, they need to be started within two days after you get sick with the flu. Time lines of infection and disease in human influenza.
The bacterium was mistakenly considered to be the cause of influenza until 1933, when the viral cause of influenza became apparent, and is still colloquially known as bacterial influenza. The risk of serious illness from influenza is higher amongst children under six. Influenza viruses cause seasonal influenza epidemics, mostly in the winter months in. Phe also carries out surveillance for novel respiratory viruses, including middle east. You cannot get the flu from the inactivated influenza vaccine because it contains killed influenza viruses that cannot cause infection. This method requires a graphics editor that can handle transparent images, in order to avoid white squares around the organs when pasting onto the body image. Everyone 6 months or older should get a yearly influenza vaccine. Influenza also known as flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat and lungs. Pandemic influenza preparedness, response and recovery.
April 10, 2020 volume 2020 hdohdocd influenza surveillance report page 5 b. Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits. Adobe acrobat reader is required to read the following pdf files. Influenza surveillance and response system, who, geneva, switzerland. To get service in another language, simply state the language you are looking for example say. Increase influenza vaccination rates in your practice by. Therefore, it can be confirmed only by laboratory diagnostic testing. Inactivated influenza flu vaccine healthlinkbc file 12d. The california department of public health cdph influenza surveillance program cisp is a collaborative effort between cdph, the centers for disease control and prevention cdc, kaiser permanente, california local health jurisdictions and the participating california sentinel providers and sentinel laboratories. In a study of influenza seasons from 197677 through 200607, the estimated number of annual influenza associated deaths from respiratory and circulatory causes ranged from a low of 3,349 198586 season to a high of.
Guidance on preparingworkplaces foran influenzapandemic. Infection occurs typically during winter, and the virus may cocirculate with influenza, rsv and other respiratory viral agents. Friday, march 20, 2020 the purpose of this report is to describe the spread and prevalence of influenza like illness ili in indiana. It is caused by various types of influenza viral strains. Observation period post influenza vaccination years and above.
A further metaanalysis of observational data from the 2009 influenza a h1n1 pandemic suggested that, in hospitalised patients, nis significantly reduced mortality in adults by 25% overall, and by 62% if started within 48 hours of symptom onset, compared with no treatment. The major clinical and commercial laboratories throughout the state of hawaii have the testing capacity for non influenza respiratory pathogens and report these to hdoh. Influenza viruses are known for their ability to change their antigenic structure and create new viral strains, possibly changing biological characteristics such virulence, infectivity or host range. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. However, such testing is performed as needed and when sufficient resources are available because. The vaccine does not protect against other viruses or bacteria that cause colds or stomach flu. Infectivity of influenza virus particles is preserved depending on temperature, ph and salinity of the water, and uv. Although the enhanced vaccines contain one less influenza b strain, the benefits of. Respiratory infections, centre for epidemiology and. It is now accepted that an overwhelming inflammatory response is the cause of human deaths from avian h5n1 influenza infection. Monday, march 16, 2020 the purpose of this report is to describe the spread and prevalence of influenza like illness ili in indiana. The currently circulating seasonal viruses are a h1n1, influenza a h3n2 and influenza b viruses. The influenza epidemic of the 20182019 winter was mild and lasted 14. These drugs can help you feel better faster and make the symptoms less intense.
Only influenza a and b viruses cause epidemics in human beings. Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. The 1918 h1n1 flu virus caused the deadliest pandemic of the 20th century. Influenza pneumonia incidence was high in 2005, a year when influenza ah3n2 subtype virus strains predominated, low in 2006 when ah1n1 viruses were more common, moderate in 2007 when h3n2 and. Influenza also called flu is an acute viral respiratory infection, transmitted by the influenza virus. Prescription medications called influenza antivirals can help treat the flu. Inhaled nitric oxide therapy fails to improve outcome in experimental severe influenza ilyse darwish 1,2, chris miller 3, kevin c. One of three types of virus that cause the illness called influenza. The number of influenza associated deaths varies substantially by year, influenza virus type and subtype, and age group.
Veterinarians most commonly diagnose infection with canine influenza virus civ after the dogs owner notes a sudden onset of cough, sneezing or acting sick e. Avian influenza weekly update number 735 human infection with. Structure of influenza viruses, connected with influenza life. Waterfowl are important reservoirs for many subtypes of influenza. Influenza reporting and investigation guideline doh. These virus types are further divided by the numerical strain of the virus surface proteins, hemagglutinin h and neuraminidase n. The resources included in this topic collection can help healthcare professionals and emergency medical planners prepare for the next influenza epidemic or pandemic.
Flu reports california department of public health. Increase influenza vaccination rates in your practice by providing evidencebased interventions for use with vaccinehesitant patients. It is meant to provide local health departments, hospital administrators, health professionals and residents with a general understanding of the burden of ili. Influenza activity in the tropical and subtropical countries of africa was generally low with predominance of influenza ah3n2 viruses followed by influenza b mostly bvictoria lineage and. The influenza a virus can infect people, birds, pigs, horses, and other animals. There is also a survey of economic research on the subject.
Influenza diagnosis clinical and epidemiological characteristics increase of febrile respiratory illness lab isolation of influenza virus from clinical specimen e. Several different influenza vaccines are available in b. Structure of influenza viruses, connected with influenza. Influenza b virus influenza b almost exclusively infects humans and is less common than influenza a. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Compared to seasonal influenza, a high proportion of persons with. Influenza, also known as the flu, is transmitted from person to person through sneezes, coughs and touching with hands that were sneezed or coughed into without being washed afterwards. This season in total 527 confirmed cases were registered by the sentinel laboratories 52% influenza a, 36% influenza b and 12% not typed. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines. It is intended to aid in the rapid differential diagnosis of influenza a and b viral infections. Influenza is a wellknown viral infectious disease that occurs almost every year epidemically, becoming occasionally pandemic. A 2018 cdc study published in clinical infectious diseases external icon looked at the percentage of the u. To better understand this deadly virus, an expert group of researchers and virus hunters set out to search for the lost 1918 virus, sequence its genome, recreate the virus in a highly safe and regulated laboratory setting at cdc, and ultimately study its secrets to better prepare for future pandemics. The information presented in this report and information provided in two prominent publications on the 1918 influenza pandemic are then used to.
In hong kong, the two subtypes of influenza a, h1n1 and h3n2, are most commonly seen, emergence of new subtypes occurs from time to time at. Between 27 march and 2 april 2020, no new cases of human infection with avian influenza ah5n1 virus were reported to who in the western. Influenza is an illness of the nose, throat and lungs caused by influenza viruses. Asymptomatic persons shed influenza virus and can infect others despite a seemingly more robust immune response to infection that stops development of symptoms. Influenza virus surveillance in switzerland season 2016 2017.
Till 2001, eight genome segments influenza a and b. Persons infected with influenza ah3n2v viruses have had symptoms similar to those of seasonal influenza. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. The genome of influenza viruses is a linear, segmented and formed by ssrna. At least during the early course of influenza infection, the virus can be found also in the blood and in other body fluids. Facts about influenza the flu healthlinkbc file 12b.
Influenza viruses belong to a large group of rna viruses classified as influenza a, b or c. Derive from scratch by this method, body diagrams can be derived by pasting organs into one of the plain body images shown below. Etiology influenza virus c ivc and influenza virus d ivd are enveloped rna viruses in the family orthomyxoviridae. Prevention and treatment of influenza, influenzalike. The serial interval for covid19 virus is estimated to be 56 days, while for influenza virus, the serial interval is 3 days.
This reduced rate of antigenic change, combined with its limited host range ensures that pandemics of influenza b do not occur. After reaching a peak value in week 49, the number of co nfirmed infections decreases again. Other influenza vaccines available in australia contain 4 influenza virus strains the same strains in a tiv and an additional influenza b strain i. Translation services are available in over languages. In both countries, influenza ah1n1pdm09 viruses circulated in higher proportions than ah3n2 viruses. The vast majority of influenza viruses detected were type a. Influenza is a highly contagious acute viral infection of the respiratory tract.
Influenza viruses national library of medicine pubmed health. It protects against viruses that cause influenza, often called the flu. Similarities and differences covid19 and influenza. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. Influenza a virus, influenza b virus and influenza c virus. Wekelijks influenza bulletin bulletin hebdomadaire. The inactivated influenza vaccine is made of killed influenza viruses. Get the vaccine as soon as recommended each year, usually in september or october.
The ratio of total deaths to normal deaths presented in column 4 provides a measure of the severity of influenza in each year relative to a normal influenza. The immunisation advisory centre supports the best practice approach of a recommended 20 minute postvaccination wait. Implementation of the international health regulations 2005. Global epidemiological surveillance standards for influenza. An accurate diagnosis of influenza based on clinical symptoms is difficult because the initial symptoms of influenza are similar to those of numerous other illnesses. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses in. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title grippe. Clearly, this ratio is much larger for the years 1918 and 1919. Influenza virus c influenza c virus, which infects humans, dogs and pigs, sometimes causing both severe illness and local epidemics. Normal influenza deaths reflect the number of influenza deaths absent a pandemic. Influenza in humans is often referred to as the seasonal flu. A vaccine to protect people against illness from a pandemic influenza virus may not be widely available until many months after an influenza pandemic begins. Wekelijks influenza bulletin bulletin hebdomadaire influenza weekly influenza bulletin semaineweek 11 32017 19032017 wekelijks bulletin week 112017. Regulations and laws that may apply during a pandemic.
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